Environmental

Since 1991, Geo-Logic Associates professionals have been collaborating with our clients to develop cost-effective solutions to the most complex environmental problems impacting human health and the environment.
Technically Defensible Results
GLA provides broad expertise in contaminated site investigation, modeling, data management, remediation, and environmental restoration to our industrial, government, and law firm clients facing various state and federal regulatory programs.
Service Leaders
Contaminated Site Investigation and Characterization
GLA site investigation and characterization services include all aspects of the site assessment process for environmental contaminants in soil, soil vapor, indoor air and groundwater in any state, local or federal regulatory program. Comprehensive field investigation data provide the foundation for high-resolution conceptual site models ultimately used to understand and evaluate various remedial options. A well-designed and executed subsurface characterization is the key to developing an effective, site-specific remedial approach. Investigations typically involve soil vapor assessment; indoor air sampling, environmental drilling operations, soil matrix sampling, vadose zone studies, groundwater monitoring well installation, and groundwater sampling and analytical testing for organic contaminants, radionuclides, metals, general chemistry and geochemistry, cations/anions, or stable isotopes. GLA has conducted comprehensive site investigation programs in diverse geologic and hydrogeologic settings across the U.S. and internationally, including:

- Specialty chemical manufacturers and recyclers
- Plating shops
- Dry cleaners
- Aerospace and automotive sites
- Refineries and petrochemical plants
- Defense installations and military bases
- Operating and restored surface mines
- Brownfield properties
- Airports and aircraft component plants
- Service stations and petroleum storage tank farms
- Solid, hazardous waste, and mixed-waste landfills
- Technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material (TENORM) sites
Environmental Modeling
GLA’s environmental modelers are well-known for their specialty expertise applying sophisticated software code to complex predictive scenarios for contaminant fate and transport and other parameter analyses. We routinely develop one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional site-specific steady-state and transient models to assist with site characterization, remedial evaluation, liability assessment, contaminant trespass assessment, and hydrologic analysis. Our work includes:
- Quantitative water balance development
- Regional watershed modeling
- Analytical and numerical modeling
- Groundwater flow modeling
- Contaminant Fate and Transport modeling
- Particle Tracking and Prediction
- Vadose Zone Modeling
- Geochemical Modeling
Superfund Sites/RCRA
GLA professionals provide expertise to our clients addressing the complexities of Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) requirements at large, complexly impacted sites. We are fully versed in all steps of the state and federal Superfund process from National Priorities List (NPL) ranking, preliminary assessment/site inspections (PA/SI), and remedial investigation/feasibility studies (RI/FS) to 5-year remedy reviews. We are also experienced in Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations and the RCRA processes governing active industrial operations and waste generation. GLA has completed RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI) reports and Corrective Measures Studies (CMS) for multiple facilities. Our work for clients includes:
- RI/FS project planning and reporting
- CERCLA 5-year reviews
- Record-of-Decision (ROD) and ROD evaluations
- RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI) reports
- RCRA Corrective Measures Studies (CMS)
- Human health and ecological risk assessment
- Public participation and community involvement
- National Contingency Plan (NCP) compliance
PFAS Investigations
GLA environmental professionals are fully experienced in conducting per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) services ranging from field investigations and transport modeling to groundwater remediation. Our first PFAS investigation was in 2002, and since that time we have conducted PFAS work for our clients in Arizona, California, Colorado, Maine, Michigan, New Mexico, Washington, and West Virginia. We are a member of the National Ground Water Association (NGWA) PFAS Working Group and GLA’s expert staff have lectured on PFAS science and forensics to Law Seminars International (LSI), NGWA, and the American Groundwater Trust (AGWT).
GLA staff have provided PFAS expertise in support of litigation, mediation, or site assessment at several PFAS facilities, including:
- Commercial and military airports
- Aerospace and defense installations
- Fire training centers
- Manufacturing plants
- Landfills
Remediation
GLA has established a reputation for providing innovative, technically sound, and cost-conscious remediation system design, installation, operation and maintenance, and remedial action services. Our design experience ranges from plans and specifications for simple excavations to complete multi-media extraction and treatment.
GLA site remediation services include full remedy planning, pilot testing, design, installation, and operation of multiple industry technologies addressing a full suite of contaminants in soil, soil vapor and groundwater. Site cleanups have targeted metals, radionuclides, petroleum hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, PCBs, pesticides, nitrate, pharmaceuticals, PFAS, 1,4 dioxane, perchlorate, MTBE, and other analytes. Our remedial programs include remedy design, feasibility studies, remedial action plans, in-situ and ex-situ soil and groundwater remediation, vapor intrusion abatement and sub-slab depressurization, third-party remedy evaluation and reporting. Technologies we’ve successfully implemented or evaluated include:
- Soil vapor extraction
- Thermal and catalytic oxidation
- Enhanced reductive dechlorination
- Monitored natural attenuation
- In-situ oxidation (ISCO)
- In-situ chemical reduction (ISCR) (zero valent iron [ZVI])
- Bioaugmentation and bioventing
- Liquid microscale carbon injection
- Groundwater extraction and hydraulic containment
- Reactive wall/funnel and gate technology
- Air stripping
- Air and ozone sparging
- Pneumatic phase-separated hydrocarbon recovery
- Soil excavations and dewatering
Operation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Programs
Long-term remediation system operation and maintenance (O&M) and monitoring significantly impact project cost and regulatory closure. We offer clients full-service cost-efficient environmental monitoring and reporting services for groundwater, soil, soil vapor, soil moisture, stormwater and surface water and other environmental parameters. Our engineers and technicians are experienced with operating, troubleshooting, and maintaining virtually all types of remediation equipment and specialty instrumentation. Our large-scale monitoring programs typically include hundreds of sampling locations and thousands of data points reported weekly, quarterly, semi-annually or once per year. We efficiently design and implement ongoing monitoring programs while working closely with clients and regulators that are managing impacted sites under county, state, and federal regulatory programs. Our services include:
- Field sampling
- Monitoring and reporting
- Telemetry, automation, and data management
- Program development and implementation
- Statistical data analysis and reporting
- Regulatory negotiation and compliance
Environmental Data Management and Visualization
GLA maintains state-of-the-art geographic information system (GIS), database development, software applications development and data visualization capabilities. GIS is integral to managing large amounts of data for complex site investigations and large-scale studies and allows for coherent, cost-effective, and efficient data querying, analysis, and presentation.
Visualizations are effective tools for accurately depicting site history, features, and processes. Our illustrations, 3D models, maps, and animations range from conceptual renderings to data-driven visual interpretations that are defensible in court and clear to both technical and non-technical stakeholders.
GLA also has high-level web-development capabilities and assists our clients in managing, developing, or enhancing their data online. Our staff includes application developers and programmers creating GIS-enabled web and desktop software to automate tasks and enhance user productivity. GLA-Data is a comprehensive, web-accessible, customized GIS-based online dashboard with a user-friendly interface developed to meet the unique needs of our data-intensive projects. Our professional staff includes specialists in:
- Geographic information systems (GIS)
- Database management systems (DBS/DBMS)
- Site visualization and analysis
- Custom applications development (desktop and web programming)
- Computer-aided design (CAD)
- Mapping and technical graphics
Natural Resources
GLA has the expertise to perform all aspects of environmental and natural resource studies including biological assessments, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) jurisdictional determinations, Clean Water Act Section 404 permitting, cultural resource services, environmental impact studies and watershed management. Our work for clients includes U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service species surveys, habitat assessments and conservation plans, mitigation/conservation measures, wetland delineations, migratory bird and threatened and/or endangered species evaluations, low-impact development (LID) studies, mudflow/debris-flow hazard analysis and mitigation, wildfire impacts, and forest thinning.
Our team of regulatory specialists, biologists, archaeologists, and environmental scientists provide the resources necessary for evaluating specialized and complex issues associated with:

- National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
- California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)
- California Endangered Species Act (ESA)
- Endangered Species Act Section 7 (Consultation) and Section 10 (Permit)
- Migratory Bird Treaty Act
- Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act
- Section 404 Clean Water Act
- National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA)
- Total maximum daily loads (TMDLs)
- Contaminated sediment characterizations





