GLA geologists and hydrogeologists delineate and characterize aquifers using geologic mapping, borehole and surface geophysics, construction of geologic and hydrogeologic cross sections and fence diagrams, development of three-dimensional geologic models using Leapfrog or similar software, and aquifer testing and analysis to assist with:

Our hydrogeologists are experienced at constructing and calibrating reliable and defensible groundwater flow models to assess past, present, and future groundwater conditions. Understanding the movement of water and contaminants is essential to making effective water supply and environmental remediation decisions. We have applied nearly every software tool used in the industry, including MODFLOW in its many forms and versions; SEAWAT, MOCDENS, and SUTRA for density-dependent groundwater flow and solute transport; HYDRUS, MODFLOW-SURFACT, and UNSAT-H for variably saturated groundwater flow; PHREEQC and Geochemist Workbench for geochemical modeling and PHT3D for coupled groundwater flow and geochemical modeling; T2VOC for non-aqueous phase liquid and vapor transport modeling; HELP and UNSAT-H for landfill performance modeling; ParFlow for fully coupled surface and subsurface modeling; and PEST and UCODE for generalized parameter estimation and nonlinear optimization. Our computer models have been used for:

GLA has expertise that spans the hydrologic cycle and the movement, distribution, and quality of surface water, including surface runoff, watershed management, water quality, and structural control. Our hydrologists and hydrogeologists are knowledgeable in:

Our geochemists evaluate the chemical composition of groundwater, surface water, soil, sediments, and rocks to determine the distribution, movement, and transformation of elements and minerals in natural systems. We apply geochemical principles to identify groundwater source areas and travel paths, contaminant sources, predict fate and transport, and evaluate the effects of geochemical processes on the development and sustainability of water resources. Examples of our geochemistry capabilities and expertise include:

GLA’s water right experts assist our clients with navigating these complex factors to plan for meeting future water demands through strategic management of existing water rights, procurement of new authorizations, or creative solutions for utilizing existing water sources. In addition to our technical expertise, our staff have expertise in working within the legal frameworks of state adjudication and administrative processes, interstate water compacts, pueblo and tribal water right settlements, and other agreements and operational protocols under which water rights are administered. We provide strategic recommendations for:

GLA provides technical support to guide optimal development, use, and management of groundwater, surface water, and recycled water resources. We work with state and local governments, water districts, and private water companies to assist with making the best use of limited water resources. Our planners augment or support state, regional, and local water plans and programs to enhance water supply, quality, and sustainability. GLA has exceptional experience with the permitting, design, construction, development, testing, and maintenance of water supply wells ranges from shallow, small-capacity wells to deep, high-capacity well fields serving entire cities with growing populations.

GLA has extensive experience with permitting, design, construction, development, testing, and maintenance of water supply and ASR wells. We routinely design and install high-capacity wells and well fields for municipal water providers, mines, and others. We also assess well condition and develop rehabilitation measures unique to the well’s construction and subsurface environment. We have designed, installed and tested wells for:

With established expertise in vadose zone processes, our hydrologists have provided expertise on technical issues related to litigation and other investigations that have included characterization of the vadose zone and site hydrogeology numerical modeling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), development of technical opinions regarding the source and distribution of contaminants attributed to numerous Potential Responsible Parties (PRPs), and expert testimony. Vadose zone hydrology services include: