Hydrogeology / Hydrology

Geo-Logic Associates hydrologists and hydrogeologists provide technical guidance critical to ensuring optimal development, use, and management of groundwater, surface water, and recycled water resources.
Groundwater resources expertise
Our professionals have the expertise in geology, hydrogeology, geochemistry, and mathematics necessary to characterize, manage, and monitor groundwater resources. Where data is lacking, we design and implement aquifer characterization plans to fill data gaps.
Service Leader
Aquifer Delineation and Characterization
GLA geologists and hydrogeologists delineate and characterize aquifers using geologic mapping, borehole and surface geophysics, construction of geologic and hydrogeologic cross sections and fence diagrams, development of three-dimensional geologic models using Leapfrog or similar software, and aquifer testing and analysis to assist with:

- Regional and local aquifer characterization
- Aquifer safe yield determination
- Design and implementation of aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) and managed aquifer recharge (MAR) projects
- Determination of water quality for brackish or coastal aquifers
Groundwater Flow and Quality Modeling
Groundwater models help clients make informed water supply, mining, and environmental remediation decisions by evaluating how water and contaminants move through complex subsurface systems. Our hydrogeologists construct and calibrate reliable, defensible models to assess past, present, and future groundwater conditions.
Geo-Logic Associates applies a wide range of industry-standard tools for groundwater flow, solute transport, geochemical modeling, landfill performance, coupled surface/subsurface flow, and parameter optimization, including MODFLOW, SEAWAT, SUTRA, HYDRUS, PHREEQC, Geochemist Workbench, PHT3D, T2VOC, HELP, ParFlow, PEST, and UCODE.
Models support:

- Establishing the sustainability of groundwater supplies
- Identifying optimal well field configurations
- Assessing groundwater pumping effects on surface water
- Assessing the impact of mining operations on water resources
- Determining open pit mine dewatering requirements
- Forensic evaluation of groundwater contamination and determining contaminant sources
- Designing groundwater remedies at environmental sites
- Assessing fate of groundwater recharged at managed aquifer recharge (MAR) projects
- Estimating water quality for well fields in brackish or coastal aquifers
Surface Water Hydrology
Geo-Logic Associates’ hydrologists and hydrogeologists bring expertise that spans the hydrologic cycle and the movement, distribution, and quality of surface water, including surface runoff, watershed management, water quality, and structural control. We provide the analyses, modeling, planning, and permitting support needed to help clients manage water resources and water infrastructure effectively.

- Stormwater management
- Multi-Sector General Permit (MSGP) planning, data collection, analysis and permitting support
- Watershed Management
- Dam design, safety inspections, rehabilitation, removal, permitting
- Canal management, operating, permitting, safety
- Flood hydrology analysis, inundation mapping, modeling
- Hydraulics and water profile modeling
- Stream alteration permits
Water Quality/Geochemistry
Our geochemists use water quality, soil, sediment, and rock chemistry to evaluate how elements and contaminants move, transform, and interact within natural systems. These evaluations help clients identify contaminant sources, understand groundwater flow paths, predict fate and transport, and manage water resources more effectively.
Capabilities include:

- Determination of background water quality at mine sites and contaminated sites
- Modeling water quality changes related to aquifer storage and recovery (ASR)
- Determining geochemical evolution of water quality along a flow path
- Evaluating chemical differences and mixing between hydrostratigraphic units or interaction of groundwater and surface water
- Interpreting the degradation of organic chemicals in the vadose zone and groundwater
- Evaluating rock-water interactions
- Designing field instrumentation for real-time data collection
Water Right Consulting
Water rights planning requires both technical expertise and a thorough understanding of the legal and regulatory frameworks that govern water use. Our specialists help clients meet current and future water demands through strategic management of existing water rights, acquisition of new authorizations, and innovative approaches to developing and utilizing available water resources.
In addition to providing technical hydrologic analyses, we assist clients in navigating state adjudication and administrative processes, interstate water compacts, Pueblo and Tribal water rights settlements, and other agreements and operational protocols that influence water rights administration and management. Services include:

- Technical hydrologic analyses and expert testimony for water rights applications, transfers, and disputes
- Water rights acquisition, transfer, and management
- Evaluation of disputes involving the separation of surface water and groundwater rights
- Participation in water rights mediations and settlement discussions
- Preparation of technical exhibits and supporting documentation for water rights hearings and trials
Water Supply Planning, Development, and Management
Our hydrologists and hydrogeologists help clients develop, manage, and sustain groundwater, surface water, and recycled water resources. We work with state and local governments, water districts, and private water companies to support water supply planning, infrastructure development, regulatory compliance, and long-term resource management. Our team also brings extensive experience in the permitting, design, construction, testing, operation, and maintenance of water supply wells ranging from shallow, small-capacity systems to deep, high-capacity well fields serving growing communities. Services include:

- Water supply collection and distribution systems evaluation, permitting, design, maintenance, rehabilitation, decommissioning
- Water well siting, design, and installation
- Facilities planning for pumping/booster stations, treatment plants, master plan development
- Regulatory agency compliance, including discharge permit renewal
- Funding procurement
- Computer modeling
- Water availability studies
- Groundwater recharge, reuse, recovery
- Expert testimony on legal issues related to well construction
Supply Well Design, Installation, Development, Testing, Rehabilitation, and Abandonment
Our hydrogeologists provide comprehensive services for water supply and aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) wells, from permitting and design through construction, testing, maintenance, rehabilitation, and abandonment. We routinely design and install high-capacity wells and well fields for municipal water providers, mining operations, and industrial clients, while also evaluating well performance and developing rehabilitation strategies tailored to site-specific conditions and well construction.
Services include:

- Water supply (public and industrial)
- Injection
- Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR)
- Exploration
- Monitoring
Vadose Zone Hydrology
With established expertise in vadose zone processes, our hydrologists have provided expertise on technical issues related to litigation and other investigations that have included characterization of the vadose zone and site hydrogeology numerical modeling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), development of technical opinions regarding the source and distribution of contaminants attributed to numerous Potential Responsible Parties (PRPs), and expert testimony. Vadose zone hydrology services include:

- Return flow analysis
- Alternative covers for landfills, cap and cover design for waste disposal sites
- Predicting contaminant migration rates, impacts of spills on groundwater, seepage from impoundments
- Hydrologic budgets for water resources management and artificial recharge
- Stream-aquifer interaction in water rights disputes
- Indoor air quality impairment investigations
- Landfill gas production
- Laboratory testing of soil hydraulic properties, geotechnical soils testing, field/in situ testing
- Soil water status and weather instrumentation, sensor calibration
- Vadose zone monitoring
- Mathematical/computer simulations
- Vadose zone hydrology applications
Groundwater Recharge, Recovery, and Reuse
Our experts help clients develop sustainable water supplies through aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) and managed aquifer recharge (MAR). From project conception through implementation and long-term operations, we provide the technical, regulatory, and operational support needed to recharge, recover, and manage groundwater resources effectively.
Services include:

- Regional and local aquifer characterization studies
- Planning for and implementing feasibility studies
- Source water assessments
- Water quality assessments and geochemical compatibility analysis and modeling
- Permitting support and regulatory compliance
- ASR well design
- Engineering design, contractor, and construction oversight
- Operational monitoring program design and implementation
- Data acquisition, analysis, and reporting to regulatory agencies
- Operations and maintenance support
- Hydraulic well performance testing
Instrumentation/Automation
Our instrumentation and automation specialists deliver precise, reliable monitoring and data collection solutions that support environmental, hydrogeologic, geotechnical, and construction quality assurance projects. We design, install, and operate advanced systems that provide accurate, consistent data across a wide range of field conditions and project environments.
Applications include:

- Aquifer and pumping tests
- Recharge/infiltration studies
- Contaminant migration and water quality monitoring
- Surface water and streamflow measurement
- Ecological and watershed assessments
- Landfill gas and air quality monitoring
- Meteorological studies
- Waste rock drain-down analyses
- Vadose zone monitoring
Aquifer Delineation and Characterization
GLA geologists and hydrogeologists delineate and characterize aquifers using geologic mapping, borehole and surface geophysics, construction of geologic and hydrogeologic cross sections and fence diagrams, development of three-dimensional geologic models using Leapfrog or similar software, and aquifer testing and analysis to assist with:

- Regional and local aquifer characterization
- Aquifer safe yield determination
- Design and implementation of aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) and managed aquifer recharge (MAR) projects
- Determination of water quality for brackish or coastal aquifers
Groundwater Flow and Quality Modeling
Groundwater models help clients make informed water supply, mining, and environmental remediation decisions by evaluating how water and contaminants move through complex subsurface systems. Our hydrogeologists construct and calibrate reliable, defensible models to assess past, present, and future groundwater conditions.
Geo-Logic Associates applies a wide range of industry-standard tools for groundwater flow, solute transport, geochemical modeling, landfill performance, coupled surface/subsurface flow, and parameter optimization, including MODFLOW, SEAWAT, SUTRA, HYDRUS, PHREEQC, Geochemist Workbench, PHT3D, T2VOC, HELP, ParFlow, PEST, and UCODE.
Models support:

- Establishing the sustainability of groundwater supplies
- Identifying optimal well field configurations
- Assessing groundwater pumping effects on surface water
- Assessing the impact of mining operations on water resources
- Determining open pit mine dewatering requirements
- Forensic evaluation of groundwater contamination and determining contaminant sources
- Designing groundwater remedies at environmental sites
- Assessing fate of groundwater recharged at managed aquifer recharge (MAR) projects
- Estimating water quality for well fields in brackish or coastal aquifers
Surface Water Hydrology
Geo-Logic Associates’ hydrologists and hydrogeologists bring expertise that spans the hydrologic cycle and the movement, distribution, and quality of surface water, including surface runoff, watershed management, water quality, and structural control. We provide the analyses, modeling, planning, and permitting support needed to help clients manage water resources and water infrastructure effectively.

- Stormwater management
- Multi-Sector General Permit (MSGP) planning, data collection, analysis and permitting support
- Watershed Management
- Dam design, safety inspections, rehabilitation, removal, permitting
- Canal management, operating, permitting, safety
- Flood hydrology analysis, inundation mapping, modeling
- Hydraulics and water profile modeling
- Stream alteration permits
Water Quality/Geochemistry
Our geochemists use water quality, soil, sediment, and rock chemistry to evaluate how elements and contaminants move, transform, and interact within natural systems. These evaluations help clients identify contaminant sources, understand groundwater flow paths, predict fate and transport, and manage water resources more effectively.
Capabilities include:

- Determination of background water quality at mine sites and contaminated sites
- Modeling water quality changes related to aquifer storage and recovery (ASR)
- Determining geochemical evolution of water quality along a flow path
- Evaluating chemical differences and mixing between hydrostratigraphic units or interaction of groundwater and surface water
- Interpreting the degradation of organic chemicals in the vadose zone and groundwater
- Evaluating rock-water interactions
- Designing field instrumentation for real-time data collection
Water Right Consulting
Water rights planning requires both technical expertise and a thorough understanding of the legal and regulatory frameworks that govern water use. Our specialists help clients meet current and future water demands through strategic management of existing water rights, acquisition of new authorizations, and innovative approaches to developing and utilizing available water resources.
In addition to providing technical hydrologic analyses, we assist clients in navigating state adjudication and administrative processes, interstate water compacts, Pueblo and Tribal water rights settlements, and other agreements and operational protocols that influence water rights administration and management. Services include:

- Technical hydrologic analyses and expert testimony for water rights applications, transfers, and disputes
- Water rights acquisition, transfer, and management
- Evaluation of disputes involving the separation of surface water and groundwater rights
- Participation in water rights mediations and settlement discussions
- Preparation of technical exhibits and supporting documentation for water rights hearings and trials
Water Supply Planning, Development, and Management
Our hydrologists and hydrogeologists help clients develop, manage, and sustain groundwater, surface water, and recycled water resources. We work with state and local governments, water districts, and private water companies to support water supply planning, infrastructure development, regulatory compliance, and long-term resource management. Our team also brings extensive experience in the permitting, design, construction, testing, operation, and maintenance of water supply wells ranging from shallow, small-capacity systems to deep, high-capacity well fields serving growing communities. Services include:

- Water supply collection and distribution systems evaluation, permitting, design, maintenance, rehabilitation, decommissioning
- Water well siting, design, and installation
- Facilities planning for pumping/booster stations, treatment plants, master plan development
- Regulatory agency compliance, including discharge permit renewal
- Funding procurement
- Computer modeling
- Water availability studies
- Groundwater recharge, reuse, recovery
- Expert testimony on legal issues related to well construction
Supply Well Design, Installation, Development, Testing, Rehabilitation, and Abandonment
Our hydrogeologists provide comprehensive services for water supply and aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) wells, from permitting and design through construction, testing, maintenance, rehabilitation, and abandonment. We routinely design and install high-capacity wells and well fields for municipal water providers, mining operations, and industrial clients, while also evaluating well performance and developing rehabilitation strategies tailored to site-specific conditions and well construction.
Services include:

- Water supply (public and industrial)
- Injection
- Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR)
- Exploration
- Monitoring
Vadose Zone Hydrology
With established expertise in vadose zone processes, our hydrologists have provided expertise on technical issues related to litigation and other investigations that have included characterization of the vadose zone and site hydrogeology numerical modeling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), development of technical opinions regarding the source and distribution of contaminants attributed to numerous Potential Responsible Parties (PRPs), and expert testimony. Vadose zone hydrology services include:

- Return flow analysis
- Alternative covers for landfills, cap and cover design for waste disposal sites
- Predicting contaminant migration rates, impacts of spills on groundwater, seepage from impoundments
- Hydrologic budgets for water resources management and artificial recharge
- Stream-aquifer interaction in water rights disputes
- Indoor air quality impairment investigations
- Landfill gas production
- Laboratory testing of soil hydraulic properties, geotechnical soils testing, field/in situ testing
- Soil water status and weather instrumentation, sensor calibration
- Vadose zone monitoring
- Mathematical/computer simulations
- Vadose zone hydrology applications
Groundwater Recharge, Recovery, and Reuse
Our experts help clients develop sustainable water supplies through aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) and managed aquifer recharge (MAR). From project conception through implementation and long-term operations, we provide the technical, regulatory, and operational support needed to recharge, recover, and manage groundwater resources effectively.
Services include:

- Regional and local aquifer characterization studies
- Planning for and implementing feasibility studies
- Source water assessments
- Water quality assessments and geochemical compatibility analysis and modeling
- Permitting support and regulatory compliance
- ASR well design
- Engineering design, contractor, and construction oversight
- Operational monitoring program design and implementation
- Data acquisition, analysis, and reporting to regulatory agencies
- Operations and maintenance support
- Hydraulic well performance testing
Instrumentation/Automation
Our instrumentation and automation specialists deliver precise, reliable monitoring and data collection solutions that support environmental, hydrogeologic, geotechnical, and construction quality assurance projects. We design, install, and operate advanced systems that provide accurate, consistent data across a wide range of field conditions and project environments.
Applications include:

- Aquifer and pumping tests
- Recharge/infiltration studies
- Contaminant migration and water quality monitoring
- Surface water and streamflow measurement
- Ecological and watershed assessments
- Landfill gas and air quality monitoring
- Meteorological studies
- Waste rock drain-down analyses
- Vadose zone monitoring



